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Bangladesh is an agriculture-dependent country and very often this sector struggles a lot due to various natural hazards including drought and flood. Almost every year in kharif crop season, Bangladesh undergoes through drought which causes a lot of yield loss. So, this has become important to identify the drought-prone areas to reduce the risk of crops yield loss and for policymaking to suggest alternative drought-tolerant crops. The agricultural drought is related to soil properties because of having spatially dynamic in nature. In the present study, agricultural drought has been assessed comprising meteorological drought of kharif season and water holding capacity (WHC) in Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, as GIS is a widely used as a powerful tool to manage and model the spatial data. The metrological drought map has prepared by rainfall data with the calculation of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) using GIS and WHC of soil map has converted from soil texture map. Finally, the agricultural drought map has been derived by overlying metrological drought map and WHC of soil map. The study has found that the north-west and south-west region along with Barisal division of Bangladesh are more prone to agricultural drought area than the other parts. Some districts of the middle part of the country (Dhaka, Manikganj and Faridpur: 492 km2) also suffered in extreme agricultural drought during kharif season.

Bangladesh is an agriculture-dependent country and very often this sector struggles a lot due to various natural hazards including drought and flood. Almost every year in kharif crop season, Bangladesh undergoes through drought which causes a lot of yield loss. So, this has become important to identify the drought-prone areas to reduce the risk of crops yield loss and for policymaking to suggest alternative drought-tolerant crops. The agricultural drought is related to soil properties because of having spatially dynamic in nature. In the present study, agricultural drought has been assessed comprising meteorological drought of kharif season and water holding capacity (WHC) in Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, as GIS is a widely used as a powerful tool to manage and model the spatial data. The metrological drought map has prepared by rainfall data with the calculation of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) using GIS and WHC of soil map has converted from soil texture map. Finally, the agricultural drought map has been derived by overlying metrological drought map and WHC of soil map. The study has found that the north-west and south-west region along with Barisal division of Bangladesh are more prone to agricultural drought area than the other parts. Some districts of the middle part of the country (Dhaka, Manikganj and Faridpur: 492 km2) also suffered in extreme agricultural drought during kharif season.

The structure of the industrial sectors of a region is a driving factor to explain the growth of a region's economy. In Bangladesh, spatial variation in economic growth exists among different regions. A primary factor in this variation is the economic structure of the region, which can be characterized by basic and non-basic sectors. Economic base theory helps to understand how data can be used to study the economic development process and evaluate alternating development strategies. The aim of the study, thus, is to identify the basic and non-basic sectors using economic base theory and to explore the short-run regional economic structure in selected districts. Data of selected districts from economic census, 2003, and 2013 has been analyzed for thirteen sectors. The comparative analysis of the selected districts reveals that all of the districts except Bandarban are becoming economically weak during the timeframe. In contrast, Bhola district is in economic malaise relative to the other districts. The lagging behind the Transport, Storage, and Communication sector triggers to the disadvantaged economic condition for all the districts during the timeframe. The findings of this study would act as a reference for regional planners to allocate resources in different economic sectors of these districts.

Rapid urbanization and changes in land use land cover (LULC) have affected the thermal character of cities across the globe. Researchers found that Remote Sensing (RS) based urban biophysical composition-vegetation coverage, built-up area coverage, impervious surface coverage, soil fractions can significantly explain land surface temperature (LST) variation both at a local and regional scale. Taking Dhaka City, Bangladesh, as an example, this study aimed at exploring the effect of biophysical composition on LST in the year 2020 and find out Urban Heat Island (UHI) clusters with different LST setting using spatial autocorrelation technique. We found that LST presented a significant positive correlation with Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), road percentage, and negative correlation with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalised Difference Bareness Index (NDBaI), porosity, water percentage, open space percentage. Further, the study conducted local Moran's I and Hot Spots (Getis-Ord-Gi statistics) analysis to find out the location of UHI clusters. Findings showed that 34 % of neighborhoods fall within one of the four spatial patterns of UHI clusters. Study findings would help urban planners and policymakers to have cogent understating on the relationship between urban thermal behavior, and its surface biophysical composition at fine spatial scales and hopes to provide a valuable reference for community planning, resource allocation, and sustainable development.

The structure of the industrial sectors of a region is a driving factor to explain the growth of a region's economy. In Bangladesh, spatial variation in economic growth exists among different regions. A primary factor in this variation is the economic structure of the region, which can be characterized by basic and non-basic sectors. Economic base theory helps to understand how data can be used to study the economic development process and evaluate alternating development strategies. The aim of the study, thus, is to identify the basic and non-basic sectors using economic base theory and to explore the short-run regional economic structure in selected districts. Data of selected districts from economic census, 2003, and 2013 has been analyzed for thirteen sectors. The comparative analysis of the selected districts reveals that all of the districts except Bandarban are becoming economically weak during the timeframe. In contrast, Bhola district is in economic malaise relative to the other districts. The lagging behind the Transport, Storage, and Communication sector triggers to the disadvantaged economic condition for all the districts during the timeframe. The findings of this study would act as a reference for regional planners to allocate resources in different economic sectors of these districts.