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Increase in disaster risk has been a recurrent phenomenon throughout the world. Unique physiographic feature, location and different socio economic factors have made Bangladesh extremely prone to climate change and consequent diversified natural hazards. It is a matter of regret that till now our country is not fully resilient in the struggle with reducing the disastrous effects of climate change. The Government of Bangladesh has undertaken Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) in 2009, which incorporates six pillars concepts for mitigating the impacts of climate change. The Government has also established the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) based on revenue from the national budget to ensure the implementation of these six pillars. BCCTF funded projects are distributed among different government organizations like Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Department of Relief and Rehabilitation, Bangladesh Water Development Board, SPARSO and many others. About 236 projects have been allotted by the fund of BCCTF till 2014. This particular study focuses on investigating the available BCCTF (Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund) projects for climate change effect mitigation on the basis of the six pillars of BCCSAP, 2009. Among 236 projects of BCCTF till 2014, 151 available projects have been analyzed depending on their objectives and addressing themes. As a key finding, this study revealed that the collected projects predominantly focused on the infrastructure development that is the third pillar of BCCSAP, 2009 while ignoring the others one.

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh is one of the most populated megacity in the world and the population growth in this city is extremely high. To support growing food demand of increasing population, food supply should be secure and sustainable. On the other hand, with the pace of urbanization built-up areas are increasing; hence supply of roof space is also increasing. Rooftop farming can provide solution to increased food demand and also can promote a sustainable and livable city. Local fresh and safe food can be ensured through roof gardens in Dhaka city. The aim of the study is to explore the present practice and challenges of rooftop farming that was encountered by practitioners. Mirpur and Mohammadpur areas have been selected as study areas. Two practitioners are interviewed and 60 non-practitioners are surveyed. Results show that rooftop farming can support environment by improving air quality, reducing carbon in the atmosphere and can benefit society by reducing storm water management cost. One of the significant findings from the non-practitioner survey is that maximum people are willing to practice rooftop farming and want to provide at least 50% of roof space for rooftop farming. Finally some recommendations have been suggested to improve rooftop farming practice and encourage more people to practice rooftop farming in future.

Recording of hydrological parameters of a flood with conventional means often fails due to an extreme event especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Flood water causes a lot of property damage almost every year and it demands to be controlled for economic growth by water management. The objective of the study is to analyze the damages according to different land uses like urban area (Built-up) or agricultural lands, flood height and thus the percentages of loss in different land use in various corresponding year. Naogaon District has been chosen as the study area for this analysis. Remote Sensing data has been used in this context as remote sensing technology along with Geographic Information System (GIS) has become a key tool for flood monitoring in recent years. Satellite images which have been collected from Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper for the year 2004, 2007 and 2012 and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) images for the year 2017. In each year images of different times (March and September) of Naogaon district have been analyzed with Geographical Information System (GIS) and ERDAS Imagine software. The analysis demonstrate the variation of land use changes in before and after flood occurrence month from 2004 to 2017 depends on this change. The analysis also describe the relation of the flood in that four observation years as well as the percentages of loss association with the flood spread, flood height, and land uses. The study helps to find out the losses and related relations of flood and thus the importance of water management. The study demonstrates an encouragement to further flood water management studies.

Water body extraction is an important task in evaluation of water resources disciplines of developing country especially in Bangladesh. In Rajshahi metropolis, there were 729 ponds and canals in 2002, but the figure had been fallen to 393 in 2013 because of indiscriminate land filling and unplanned urbanization. Therefore, the aim of the study is to explore the association of decadal changing pattern of decreasing surface water body in 30 years (1996, 2006 and 2016) of Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) area and to identify the persistence where water bodies are filled up because of rapid urbanization activities. Decadal Land Cover and Water Body Maps of the study area have been prepared for 1996, 2006 and 2016 using Landsat satellite images. A change detection technique which gives automatic water body extraction and mapping of the location, scarcity and morphometric of water body has been applied to extract the water body changes by integrating Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) applications. The association has been established by the locations of rapid urbanization areas. The study finds that most of the water bodies are filled up due to rapid urbanization where people used to fill up the surface water bodies for residential and commercial settlements which affects climate change, biological diversity and human wellbeing. The study describe a national problem named urbanization which increases rapidly and damages our biodiversity and climate. The findings will help the concerned authority who can use this information for further planning and strategy making policy about better management of water bodies in future.

Ponds are an important place for biodiversity. Collectively, they support more species and more scarce species, than any other freshwater habitat. According to Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the number of ponds in the year 2011 is 73,532 thousand in Comilla district. It’s very much noticeable in recent few years that ponds are being filled up to meet up rapid urbanization in Comilla District. The study aimed at understanding the phenomenon of filling up ponds with the help of Landsat-8 images and also find out the causes for pond filling in Comilla district. Landsat 8 images contain 15m resolution and these satellite images have been used to identify the loss of ponds in every year starting from November, 2013 - November, 2017. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Erdas Imagine software have been used to perform a supervised classification and change detection technique to identify the locations of ponds fill up in every year. This study makes an attempt to find out the root causes of filling up the ponds and analyze the trends of pond fill during 2013-2017 years. The result shows us that in year 2017 the number of pond is 61,426 thousand which indicates almost more than 10,000 thousand ponds are being fillip in space of only 6 years. The pond filling will make the drainage system of Comilla district vulnerable which increases urban flooding, water logging and temperature rises to an unexpected extent. The conservation of ponds is crucial to keep a perfect ecological balance in Comilla District.

Wetland is a valuable ecosystem for the sustainable environment both for present and future generations. Wetlands are used for multiple purposes, and it has significant role in the livelihood of the local people in beeline country like Bangladesh. A particular wetland was selected named “Chalan Beel” in Natore district of the northern part of Bangladesh for the purpose of estimating the economic value. Wetlands possess a high economic value. The economic value of wetland includes both use and non-use values. Wetland use values are associated with a diverse and complex array of direct and indirect uses. Wetland direct use values/benefits are those which can be consumed directly from wetland such as food, water supply, recreation, transport, timber etc. whereas indirect uses benefited people indirectly and arises from the functions occurring within the ecosystem, such as water quality, flood control, ground water recharge and other such functions. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to estimate the total economic value of non-use attributes of the beel at the present with the help of Contingent valuation method (CVM). CVM is one of the important methods in environmental valuation, which gives empirical estimates of both use and non-use values of environmental resources. Data collected from questionnaire survey, key informant interview and focus group discussion. The results of the study show that the proposed annual economic value is greater than the present annual economic value. This study would guide the government in identifying the sectoral priorities regarding conservation of wetland and to formulate strategies for the short term and long term effective management of wetland of Rajshahi Division.

Wetland is a valuable ecosystem for the sustainable environment both for present and future generations. Wetlands are used for multiple purposes, and it has significant role in the livelihood of the local people in riverine country like Bangladesh. A particular wetland was selected named “Padma River” in Rajshahi district of the northern part of Bangladesh for the purpose of estimating the economic value. Wetlands possess a high economic value. The economic value of wetland includes both use and non-use values. Wetland use values are associated with a diverse and complex array of direct and indirect uses. Wetland direct use values/benefits are those which can be consumed directly from wetland such as food, water supply, recreation, transport, timber etc. whereas indirect uses benefited people indirectly and arises from the functions occurring within the ecosystem, such as water quality, flood control, ground water recharge and other such functions. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to estimate the total economic value of non-use attributes of the River at the present with the help of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). CVM is one of the important methods in environmental valuation, which gives empirical estimates of both use and non-use values of environmental resources. Data collected from questionnaire survey, key informant interview and focus group discussion. The results of the study show that the proposed annual economic value is greater than the present annual economic value. This study would guide the government in identifying the sectoral priorities regarding conservation of wetland and to formulate strategies for the short term as well as the long term effective management of wetland of Rajshahi Division.