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Urban Sprawl is the spreading out of a city and its suburbs over more and more rural land at the periphery of an urban area. This involves the conversion of open space (specially, rural land) into built-up, developed land overtime. While many factors may have helped in explaining urban sprawl and its causes, it ultimately has always been a population and land-use issue. This paper will outline possible conditions and impacts of urban sprawl. Using a variety of discussions and arguments the founding is that sprawl is a result of inter-related social, economical, physical and political factors. Hence, different pattern of sprawl arise for different areas. The paper also includes discussion of urban sprawl and its impact on land use of Savar an emerging city of Bangladesh.

Dhaka City is centrally located in Bangladesh, in the southern part of the district of Dhaka, about 200 kilometers north of the Bay of Bengal. It is surrounded by distributaries of the Ganges (Padma, in Bangladesh) and Brahmaputra rivers: the Buriganga River in the south, the Balu and the Shitalakhya rivers in the east, Tongi Khal in the north, and the Turag River in the west. The inner areas of the city lie on a Quaternary river terrace, marginally above the contemporary floodplains of the major rivers, and hundreds of detached backwater lakes of all sizes dot the surrounding developed area. In addition, as a result of the accelerated rate of urbanization (Hossain 2008), a substantial portion of the adjacent lower-lying deltaic land is now also occupied, putting Dhaka residents at severe risk of seasonal flooding from the Himalayan rivers in the monsoon season.

Despite the crucial function of public buses plying in developing countries, their roles are disrupted for different reasons. Transportation system of Dhaka city is under huge challenge of managing growing number of private cars and non motorized vehicles. Traffic congestion had become an everyday scenario of this city. Policy maker consider increasing the number of public buses as solution in most cases. This research had been conducted to find whether this is the only solution of transportation problem of city dwellers. Under the study, demand-supply condition and performance of the public buses in Route No. 1/E had been deliberated by processing field survey data according to suitable mathematical procedure. According to the study, three more extra buses had found to be required to meet the total demand of buses in that route. But performance level had found quite low. Performance measurement results indicate that on-time performance is maintained in 23% and 62% stoppages at peak and off-peak hour respectively in southbound direction of the route. On the other direction it had found 15% and 31% at peak and off-peak hour respectively. Service regularity values were below 50% for bus stations and only 15% for bus stoppages. According to questionnaire survey travel time, waiting time and comfort level along the route had found quite unsatisfactory. These results depicts that increasing number of public bus is not the only solution. Other transport related facts like traffic congestion, road condition, number of private vehicles in the route need to be given more emphasis to solve problems of public bus service. (PDF) EVALUATION OF FACTS BEHIND LOW-QUALITY PUBLIC BUS SERVICES IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE STUDY OF DHAKA CITY, ROUTE-1/E EVALUATION OF FACTS BEHIND LOW-QUALITY PUBLIC BUS SERVICES IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE STUDY OF DHAKA CITY, ROUTE-1/E. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294873786_EVALUATION_OF_FACTS_BEHIND_LOW-QUALITY_PUBLIC_BUS_SERVICES_IN_A_DEVELOPING_COUNTRY_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_DHAKA_CITY_ROUTE-1E_EVALUATION_OF_FACTS_BEHIND_LOW-QUALITY_PUBLIC_BUS_SERVICES_IN_A_DEVELOPING_COUNTR [accessed Jul 05 2018].

Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) and Dhaka Electricity Supply Company (DESCO) do not provide any direct utility supply in the informal settlements of Dhaka where more than one third of the total city population live. Large numbers of the population thus access utilities from local vendors who maintain relationships with administrative staff of the authorities concerned, political leaders and influential community leaders, thus making the supply available in the settlement and continuing their informal utility business. Access to these utilities is negotiated in the continuously changing arrangements of a complex hybrid institutional sphere and under informal regulation. In this process, the changing nature of the state and urban groups and the complicated and dynamic relationship between and within urban groups indicate that urban governance operates in a ‘third space’ of constant negotiation and contestation. Against this background this paper presents the informal practice of water and electricity supply by a local association, the regulations in place, and the inter-linkage between different forms of regulatory space whose presence is a necessary condition for the continuation of the informal practice.